Nicholas was Bishop of Myra in Lycia, in what is now Turkey, during the fourth century. ¹ The 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia is unusually direct about the rest: despite his enormous popularity, "there is scarcely anything historically certain about him except that he was Bishop of Myra in the fourth century." ¹

That is worth sitting with rather than hurrying past. The best-loved saint in Christendom is known almost entirely by the devotion he generated rather than by anything recorded about him.

He is said to have been imprisoned during the persecution under Diocletian and released after the accession of Constantine. ¹ He is also said to have attended the Council of Nicaea, though the encyclopedia notes there is reason to doubt it, since his name appears in none of the old lists of bishops who were there. ¹

The story everybody actually knows - the three daughters with no dowries, and the bags of gold left in secret - does not appear in that article at all, and so it is not told here as fact. It is the origin of the gift-giving, and it is a tradition rather than a record.

In 1087, Italian merchants took his body from Myra and brought it to Bari in Italy ¹, where it remains. The blunt verb in the encyclopedia is "stole." The relics of the patron of merchants were removed by merchants, which the sources report without comment.

Franciscan Media traces the line plainly: "In the English-speaking countries, Saint Nicholas became, by a twist of the tongue, Santa Claus - further expanding the example of generosity portrayed by this holy bishop." ² The route runs through the Dutch Sinterklaas and into American English.

It is easy to be sniffy about this. Franciscan Media is not, and neither is this page: the figure who gives to children in secret is a genuine descendant of the bishop, however far the sleigh has traveled from Myra.

Nicholas is patron of children and of travelers, and also of mariners, merchants, bakers, pawnbrokers, and brides and grooms. ¹² The breadth of the list is itself evidence of how widely he was loved.

The feast of Saint Nicholas is celebrated on December 6. ¹² In much of Europe that, and not Christmas morning, is when children receive small gifts in his name.

When you want to give without being seen. Everything Nicholas is remembered for was done quietly and attributed later. If you are looking for a form of generosity that cannot feed your own reputation, his is the model, and it is harder than it sounds.

When Christmas has become a problem. Franciscan Media suggests using his example to reconsider our relationship with material goods at Christmas and to find real ways to help people in genuine hardship. ² The bishop is a useful corrective to the version of him that sells things.

When your reputation has outrun the facts. Almost nothing is certain about Nicholas ¹, and he is beloved anyway. Being known accurately and being loved are not the same project.

When you are traveling, or someone you love is. He is the patron of travelers and mariners ¹² - the saint asked for by people crossing water they do not control.

When you are raising children. He is their patron ¹², and the shape of the devotion is instructive: not a saint who lectures children, but one who gives to them and disappears before he can be thanked.